THE KIKAR OR BABUL TREE

THE KIKAR OR BABUL TREE
The Kikar or Babul tree is a member of the acacia family of trees, and the variety here in Pakistan is the Acacia nilotica. It can grow up to 12 metres tall and spreads its branches, so is known as a parasol tree. In English it has several names, none of which I recognize; the Cape Gum, Cassie, Cockspur Thorn and Karoo Thorn among others. Its flowers don’t have nectar, but bees love the pollen from its yellow flowers, which are used as decorations .It has a rough red-brown through to almost black bark, and large fern-like leaves, which are light green. In dry periods it loses its leaves and the seed pods become prominent.

The Kikar or Babul tree is not used as food, although goats love its leaves and can be seen braving its thorns in their attempts to get at the delectable treats. The bark and seeds of the tree contain tannin, and decoctions of these are used to stop diarrhea. The leaves and bark can also staunch bleeding. It is a tree used in medicine, and is supposed to be especially good for male problems, such as premature ejaculation (the seed pods) and spermatorrhea. A decoction of the pods is used to dry up mucus in the bronchial tubes, so it’s good for colds and coughs. The gum from the kikar tree trunk and branches is used as a gargle to relieve sore throats and tonsillitis. It is also supposed to be a good aid to digestion.

The bark and twigs of the Babul tree are used in Pakistan as toothbrushes as it whitens the teeth and strengthens the gums, and teeth. In this respect it is like the Neem tree.

The Hindu god Shiva is sometimes depicted in the form of the lord of the Babul Tree, and it is associated with Krishna too. For Sikhs, this tree is a symbol of the spiritual seeker who has to deal with the barbs and arrows of unbelievers, and worldly people.

No part of this tree is eaten however, like the banyan tree, so no recipe follows. However you can try one of our recipes that stand alone, like Chicken Shahi, or Moussaka.

WHAT ARE JUNIPER BERRIES FOR ? MEDICINE;TISANE;BEEF CASSEROLE RECIPE

JUNIPER BERRIES

Juniper berries can be found throughout the northern hemisphere. They are best known because they are used to flavour gin. However, they have many other uses.

Juniper berries were known to the ancient Egyptians who used them medicinally as did the ancient Greeks. They were prized for their antiseptic qualities and are a diuretic. In northern Europe they were one of the Druid’s sacred plants, and used with thyme in sacred groves to induce visions. Some say that they were the incense used by witches in the Mediterranean region. It was believed that if a juniper shrub was planted by the door of a house, it would discourage thieves. If the berries were strung in a home they would attract love, people thought, and men took them to improve their sexual potency. The essential oil from the juniper berry is said to give protection and purification. Incense from juniper berries is supposed to provide exorcism, protection, healing and bring love.

Pliny, writing in ancient Rome says that as peppercorns were so expensive, dried juniper berries were often a substitute. Archaeologists have found that our European ancestors used juniper berries to flavour their beer.

They are regarded as helping to calm an upset stomach, to cure indigestion and flatulence, and to assist in kidney and bladder diseases because of their diuretic properties. If sheep eat them, dropsy is cured and prevented, apparently. In the Renaissance they were used to cure snake bites, and to protect against the plague. Their leaves smell rather like pine, so they were often used to clear the air, either by strewing them on floors, or by burning the berries on a fire as the Swiss used to do.

In cookery they are used with game and duck, and go well with garlic, onions, thyme, sage, oregano, bay leaves and allspice. They temper the strong flavour of game, and reduce the fatty effects of pork and duck. They are also good in stuffings

A tisane can be made from them by adding 1 cup of boiling water to 1 tbsp of berries, then allowing it to steep for 20 mins before straining and drinking. This tisane can also be put on wounds to clean them. You can safely drink 2 cups of this tisane a day, but it is quite a powerful diuretic.

Juniper berries, when mixed with chrome and alum will produce a khaki or light-brown dye, depending on the quantities used.

BEEF CASSEROLE WITH JUNIPER BERRIES
Ingredients

500 gr beef, cut into cubes

2 large onions, sliced

3 cloves garlic, finely chopped

500 gr tomatoes, peeled and chopped

2 bay leaves

1 tsp oregano

1 sprig fresh thyme

1 sprig fresh rosemary

1 tbsp juniper berries, lightly crushed to release flavour

2 glasses red wine

freshly ground black pepper and salt to taste

Method

Heat oil in a pan and seal the meat on all sides. Remove and add onions and garlic. Fry for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.

Now put all other ingredients in the pan with ½ pint of water and bring to the boil. Simmer for 5 mins, then remove from the heat.

Put all ingredients in an oven proof dish with a tight fitting lid and put in a low oven. Cook for 2-3 hours, until the meat is very tender.

Serve with baked or mashed potatoes and broccoli or other vegetables of your choice.

This has Taste and is a Treat.

CHICKEN SHAHI RECIPE

Shahi Chicken
Ingredients
1 and a half kilos fresh chicken cut into quarters
2 inch piece of ginger root, finely chopped
6 cloves garlic, finely chopped
6 green chillies, very finely chopped
2 tomatoes, peeled and diced
½ handful mint leaves finely chopped
½ handful coriander leaves finely chopped
1 tbsp fresh lemon juice
1 tbsp mustard
1 tbsp white wine vinegar
1 tbsp black pepper
1 tbsp ground cumin
1 tsp dried oregano
50 gr grated cheese
2 eggs
2 tbsp cooking oil
salt to taste


Method
Score the chicken. Mix all ingredients, apart from eggs and cheese together and cover the chicken with the mixture, making sure to rub it well into the cuts you have made. Cover this and put in the fridge for 2 hours.
Mix the cheese and eggs together and after 2 hours remove the chicken and sprinkle the egg and cheese mixture over the top. Cover it and put on a very low heat and cook for 1 to 1 and a half hours.
You could cook it in the oven too if you put the chicken on a baking tray and sprinkle the egg and cheese mixture over it, and you could put some slices of tomato on top, then cook in a low oven for 1 to 1 and a half hours.
Serve with salad and your choice of bread.
This has Taste and is a Treat.

CHICKEN with HONEY and LEMON RECIPE

Honey and Lemon Chicken
Ingredients
1 chicken (about1½ kilos) with skin removed
½ cup honey
½ cup fresh lemon juice
½ cup cooking oil
1 inch ginger root, pounded to a paste
1 tbsp ground cumin
1 tbsp chilli powder
1 tbsp dried fenugreek leaves (methi)
1 tsp black pepper
salt to taste

Method
Score the chicken, making fairly deep cuts, although not going down to the bones.
Mix all other ingredients together and cover the chicken with this paste.
Put in the fridge for 2 hours.
Put in the oven at a low temperature and cook for 1½ - 2 hours.
Serve with French fries and salad.
This has Taste and is a Treat.